[Reexpansion pulmonary edema].

Reexpansion pulmonary edema is an uncommon complication which sometimes occurs after evacuation of a large amount of air or fluid from the pleural space. We report two cases that illustrate the diversity of the clinical expression, severe in one case and latent in the other. The pathophysiology of reexpansion pulmonary edema remains obscure. Increased pulmonary capillary permeability, favored by previous atelectatic parenchyma and rapid reexpansion appears to be the main cause. Treatment is basically preventive. Curative treatment is based on adequate oxygenation and circulation. Lower aspiration pressure and oxygenation were sufficient in our patients. Severe clinical prognosis has been reported in the literature with a 15 to 20% mortality despite use of mechanical ventilation in particularly serious situations.