The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2000
Bleach sedimentation method for increased sensitivity of sputum smear microscopy: does it work?
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Van Deun A, Maug A K, Cooreman E, Hossain M A, Chambuganj N, Rema V, Marandi H, Kawria A, Portaels F
Аннотация
SETTING: A non-governmental organisation (NGO) supported tuberculosis control programme in Bangladesh with good smear microscopy.
OBJECTIVE: To verify whether bleach sedimentation method increases the sensitivity of sputum smear microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and if so, how.
DESIGN: Duplicate smears from successive routine specimens, peripheral centres examining direct smears, and blind examination of bleach sediment smears at central laboratories.
RESULTS: When all 3,287 sputum samples were examined in duplicate and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease cut-off for positivity was applied, more positives were not found by bleach sedimentation. Using the much lower American Thoracic Society (ATS) threshold, the percentage positives rose slightly from 15.5% for direct smear to 16.6% after bleach. The gain was more evident when suspect examinations only were taken into consideration, as bleach missed many positives identified by direct follow-up smear. When patients rather than individual smears were counted, more suspects were detected by bleach (10% gain on average), but with considerable variation between the centres (range 6-16%). To arrive at this gain, the ATS cut-off was used, with corrections for false results. Under routine conditions, however, this threshold is too low in view of possible transfer of AFB.
CONCLUSIONS: Bleach sedimentation can increase the diagnostic yield, but only to a minor extent if all other factors have been optimised already; it is not a panacea. Precautions against false negatives as well as false positives should be taken, and the additional workload is not negligible.
OBJECTIVE: To verify whether bleach sedimentation method increases the sensitivity of sputum smear microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and if so, how.
DESIGN: Duplicate smears from successive routine specimens, peripheral centres examining direct smears, and blind examination of bleach sediment smears at central laboratories.
RESULTS: When all 3,287 sputum samples were examined in duplicate and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease cut-off for positivity was applied, more positives were not found by bleach sedimentation. Using the much lower American Thoracic Society (ATS) threshold, the percentage positives rose slightly from 15.5% for direct smear to 16.6% after bleach. The gain was more evident when suspect examinations only were taken into consideration, as bleach missed many positives identified by direct follow-up smear. When patients rather than individual smears were counted, more suspects were detected by bleach (10% gain on average), but with considerable variation between the centres (range 6-16%). To arrive at this gain, the ATS cut-off was used, with corrections for false results. Under routine conditions, however, this threshold is too low in view of possible transfer of AFB.
CONCLUSIONS: Bleach sedimentation can increase the diagnostic yield, but only to a minor extent if all other factors have been optimised already; it is not a panacea. Precautions against false negatives as well as false positives should be taken, and the additional workload is not negligible.