Family practice · 2026
Security and privacy in e-health technologies: a scoping review of challenges and strategies in primary care.
СтатьяScoping ReviewНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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İşcan Gökçe, Çöme Oğulcan
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The rapid integration of e-health technologies-such as telehealth, mobile health (mHealth), and electronic health records-has transformed primary care delivery, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this transformation has revealed significant vulnerabilities in data privacy and security, particularly in decentralized and resource-limited primary care settings. This scoping review aims to map current evidence on privacy and security concerns related to e-health technologies in primary care and to identify mitigation strategies and research gaps.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ACM, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2019 and 2024. Eligible studies addressed both privacy/security issues and e-health technology use in primary care. A two-stage screening process and full-text review were applied. Data were extracted and thematically synthesized.
RESULTS: Fifty-two studies were included. E-health technologies examined included teleconsultations, patient portals, digital decision support tools, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems. Among included studies, telehealth accounted for 28%, mHealth and wearables 20%, electronic health records 16%, and AI applications 6%. Common concerns involved data breaches, insufficient encryption, lack of interoperability, consent ambiguity, and challenges in securing virtual consultations. Vulnerable groups-such as older adults and low-literacy populations-faced higher risks. Recommended strategies included privacy-by-design principles, secure infrastructure, user-centered design, clearer governance policies, provider training, and hybrid care models.
CONCLUSION: Addressing privacy and security in e-health requires more than technical solutions. Equitable, safe, and trustworthy systems must incorporate legal, ethical, and human-centered approaches. In primary care, privacy must be positioned as a core element of digital health equity, not an optional enhancement.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ACM, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2019 and 2024. Eligible studies addressed both privacy/security issues and e-health technology use in primary care. A two-stage screening process and full-text review were applied. Data were extracted and thematically synthesized.
RESULTS: Fifty-two studies were included. E-health technologies examined included teleconsultations, patient portals, digital decision support tools, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems. Among included studies, telehealth accounted for 28%, mHealth and wearables 20%, electronic health records 16%, and AI applications 6%. Common concerns involved data breaches, insufficient encryption, lack of interoperability, consent ambiguity, and challenges in securing virtual consultations. Vulnerable groups-such as older adults and low-literacy populations-faced higher risks. Recommended strategies included privacy-by-design principles, secure infrastructure, user-centered design, clearer governance policies, provider training, and hybrid care models.
CONCLUSION: Addressing privacy and security in e-health requires more than technical solutions. Equitable, safe, and trustworthy systems must incorporate legal, ethical, and human-centered approaches. In primary care, privacy must be positioned as a core element of digital health equity, not an optional enhancement.