Burn Rehabilitation Exercise Adherence and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Social Cognitive Theory.

To investigate the level of functional exercise adherence in patients during burn rehabilitation and identify its key influencing factors based on social cognitive theory (SCT). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 patients undergoing burn rehabilitation, selected from three tertiary hospitals using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, a functional exercise adherence scale, an SCT-related variables scale for patients with burns, the visual analogue scale, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Descriptive statistics, group comparison analysis, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to analyse the data. The total score of functional exercise adherence in patients undergoing burn rehabilitation was 32.68 ± 6.72 points, with 31.8% (70 cases) showing low adherence, 52.3% (115 cases) showing moderate adherence and 15.9% (35 cases) showing high adherence. Correlation analysis revealed that self-efficacy (r = 0.623, p < 0.001), positive outcome expectation (r = 0.587, p < 0.001), social support (r = 0.514, p < 0.001) and behavioural self-regulation (r = 0.492, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with adherence, whereas negative outcome expectation (r = -0.386, p < 0.001), pain score (r = -0.321, p < 0.001), anxiety score (r = -0.295, p < 0.001) and depression score (r = -0.278, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-efficacy, social support, behavioural self-regulation, pain intensity and educational level were independent predictors of functional exercise adherence. Patients undergoing burn rehabilitation generally demonstrate moderate adherence to functional exercise, with room for improvement. Interventions that boost self-efficacy, optimise social support, enhance behavioural self-regulation and manage pain effectively can improve exercise adherence and foster better rehabilitation outcomes.