Journal of menopausal medicine · 2025
Impact of Hormone Therapy on Ocular Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database.
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Lee Hyun Joo, Yu Eun Hee, Jeong Young Hwan, Joo Jong Kil
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and the development of major ocular diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, and retinal disorders.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2005-2015) comprising 23,333 women diagnosed with menopause, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code N95. Participants were categorized into MHT and non-MHT groups. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of ophthalmologic diseases were analyzed, with subgroup analyses by age at menopause, time to MHT initiation, and duration of therapy.
RESULTS: A total of 18,228 women were included. The MHT group had a significantly lower incidence of glaucoma than the non-MHT group (IRR 0.921, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.869, 0.975]). The protective effect was most evident in women who experienced menopause at 40-49 years (IRR 0.851, 95% CI [0.762, 0.951]). Initiating MHT within 1 year of menopause was linked to a reduced glaucoma risk (IRR 0.896, 95% CI [0.844, 0.951]), while delayed initiation increased the risk (IRR 1.161, 95% CI [1.024, 1.316]). MHT use for ≥ 365 days was associated with lower risks of glaucoma (IRR 0.888, 95% CI [0.816, 0.967]) and retinal disorders (IRR 0.886, 95% CI [0.789, 0.995]) compared to shorter use.
CONCLUSIONS: MHT use is associated with reduced glaucoma risk in postmenopausal women, especially those aged 40-49 years. These findings highlight the potential ocular benefits of MHT and the importance of early initiation in younger menopausal women.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2005-2015) comprising 23,333 women diagnosed with menopause, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code N95. Participants were categorized into MHT and non-MHT groups. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of ophthalmologic diseases were analyzed, with subgroup analyses by age at menopause, time to MHT initiation, and duration of therapy.
RESULTS: A total of 18,228 women were included. The MHT group had a significantly lower incidence of glaucoma than the non-MHT group (IRR 0.921, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.869, 0.975]). The protective effect was most evident in women who experienced menopause at 40-49 years (IRR 0.851, 95% CI [0.762, 0.951]). Initiating MHT within 1 year of menopause was linked to a reduced glaucoma risk (IRR 0.896, 95% CI [0.844, 0.951]), while delayed initiation increased the risk (IRR 1.161, 95% CI [1.024, 1.316]). MHT use for ≥ 365 days was associated with lower risks of glaucoma (IRR 0.888, 95% CI [0.816, 0.967]) and retinal disorders (IRR 0.886, 95% CI [0.789, 0.995]) compared to shorter use.
CONCLUSIONS: MHT use is associated with reduced glaucoma risk in postmenopausal women, especially those aged 40-49 years. These findings highlight the potential ocular benefits of MHT and the importance of early initiation in younger menopausal women.