Advances in the role of cGAS-STING pathway on the repair of central nervous system injury based on gut microbiota.

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries are a type of CNS disease caused by pathological factors, such as inflammation, trauma, or stroke. CNS injuries are often accompanied by neuronal swelling, necrosis, and insufficient peripheral vascular blood supply at the site of damage, leading to neurological dysfunction. The CNS repair is coordinately regulated by series of intricate molecular mechanisms, of which gut microbiota (GM)-mediated inflammatory response is an important component. Moreover, the cGAS-STING pathway, an innate immune signaling pathway, is involved in GM-mediating inflammatory response. Thus, this review will elucidate the following issues: 1) the regulatory role of GM and its metabolites on the activation of cGAS-STING pathway; 2) the effect of cGAS-STING pathway in the regulation of neuroinflammation during CNS injury; and 3) the novel therapeutic strategies for CNS repair by targeting GM-cGAS-STING axis. In conclusion, this review analyzes the regulatory network of cGAS-STING pathway in CNS repair based on GM, and aims to provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of CNS injury based on "microorganism- immunity-nerve" axis.