Conscious vision in fish.

We challenge Fleming and Michel's arguments that aquatic animals do not have conscious vision. Focusing on fish, we suggest - on the basis of what we know about their cognition and evolution - that most fish are likely to have conscious vision, which evolved well before the transition to a largely terrestrial habitat. We end by clarifying the difference between our model-based, learning-driven view of the evolution of animal consciousness and Fleming and Michel's view.