The Convulsive Therapies of László Meduna Revisited: The First Effective Biological Approach in Psychiatry Turns 90 Years Old.

Almost a century after the first experiments with camphor in inducing seizures for the treatment of schizophrenic patients, this past remains present in psychiatry as one of its milestones, being one of the first effective biological approaches conducted for mental illness. In Hungary, László Meduna, a psychiatrist with training in neuropathology, hypothesized that convulsions held therapeutic potential based on a theoretical incompatibility with psychosis and, with firm intellectual dedication, planned and executed a research project that resulted, after generations of improvements, in one of the most effective and timeless treatments in psychiatry. László Meduna entered history. Using the early research methods available at the time, he developed an innovative procedure. Meduna, like many other dedicated scientists throughout history, filled gaps with his research skills. This review situates the work of Meduna within its historical context, examining his development of chemically induced seizures as a treatment for severe psychiatric disorders. This seminal therapeutic advance proved remarkably effective, and its fundamental repercussions continue to resonate in contemporary practice.