The association of age at menarche and adult height with mammographic density in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density.
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Ward Sarah V, Burton Anya, Tamimi Rulla M, Pereira Ana, Garmendia Maria Luisa, Pollan Marina, Boyd Norman, Dos-Santos-Silva Isabel, Maskarinec Gertraud, Perez-Gomez Beatriz, Vachon Celine, Miao Hui, Lajous Martín, López-Ridaura Ruy, Bertrand Kimberly, Kwong Ava, Ursin Giske, Lee Eunjung, Ma Huiyan, Vinnicombe Sarah, Moss Sue, Allen Steve, Ndumia Rose, Vinayak Sudhir, Teo Soo-Hwang, Mariapun Shivaani, Peplonska Beata, Bukowska-Damska Agnieszka, Nagata Chisato, Hopper John, Giles Graham, Ozmen Vahit, Aribal Mustafa Erkin, Schüz Joachim, Van Gils Carla H, Wanders Johanna O P, Sirous Reza, Sirous Mehri, Hipwell John, Kim Jisun, Lee Jong Won, Dickens Caroline, Hartman Mikael, Chia Kee-Seng, Scott Christopher, Chiarelli Anna M, Linton Linda, Flugelman Anath Arzee, Salem Dorria, Kamal Rasha, McCormack Valerie, Stone Jennifer
Аннотация
METHODS: Participants were 10,681 breast-cancer-free women from 22 countries in the International Consortium of Mammographic Density, each with centrally assessed mammographic density and a common set of epidemiologic data. Study periods for the 27 studies ranged from 1987 to 2014. Multi-level linear regression models estimated changes in square-root per cent density (√PD) and dense area (√DA) associated with age at menarche and adult height in pooled analyses and population-specific meta-analyses. Models were adjusted for age at mammogram, body mass index, menopausal status, hormone therapy use, mammography view and type, mammographic density assessor, parity and height/age at menarche.
RESULTS: In pooled analyses, later age at menarche was associated with higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.023 SE = 0.008, P = 0.003) and larger dense area (β√DA = 0.032 SE = 0.010, P = 0.002). Taller women had larger dense area (β√DA = 0.069 SE = 0.028, P = 0.012) and higher per cent density (β√PD = 0.044, SE = 0.023, P = 0.054), although the observed effect on per cent density depended upon the adjustment used for body size. Similar overall effect estimates were observed in meta-analyses across population groups.
CONCLUSIONS: In one of the largest international studies to date, later age at menarche was positively associated with mammographic density. This is in contrast to its association with breast cancer risk, providing little evidence of mediation. Increased height was also positively associated with mammographic density, particularly dense area. These results suggest a complex relationship between growth and development, mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Future studies should evaluate the potential mediation of the breast cancer effects of taller stature through absolute breast density.