Inflammatory Mediators in the Oral Fluids and Blood Samples of Type 1 Diabetic Patients, According to Periodontal Status-A Systematic Review.

There is currently little information on the immune profile of adult type 1 diabetes patients diagnosed with periodontal disease. The aim of this systematic review is to bring together the known evidence of which inflammatory markers, measured in salivary flow or gingival crevicular fluid and serum blood, are present in both pathologies. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analys guidelines, we systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases for studies on the associations of different chemokines with type 1 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. From a total of 703 patients, of which 526 were patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 215 were controls without diabetes, multiple inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin 8, which showed higher concentrations in the crevicular fluid in several studies of type 1 diabetes patients and a greater severity in its effects on the periodontal status, as well as osteoprotegerin and tumor necrosis factor alpha, have been found elevated in diabetic patients with poor periodontal control. The results suggest that interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor alpha and osteoprotegerin may be promising novel biomarkers of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and may also indicate the susceptibility profile in these individuals for the worsening of the patient's periodontal status.