Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2021
New hemodynamic criteria to separate classical orthostatic hypotension from vasovagal syncope.
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Ghariq Maryam, Kerkhof Fabian I, Reijntjes Robert H, Thijs Roland D, van Dijk J Gert
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To define and evaluate hemodynamic criteria to distinguish between classical orthostatic hypotension (cOH) and vasovagal syncope (VVS) in tilt table testing (TTT).
METHODS: Inclusion criteria for VVS were a history of VVS and tilt-induced syncope defined as a blood pressure (BP) decrease and electroencephalographic changes during syncope with complaint recognition. Criteria for cOH were a history of cOH and a BP decrease meeting published criteria. Clinical diagnoses were established prior to TTT. We assessed (1) whether the decrease of systolic BP accelerated, "convex," or decelerated, "concave"; (2) the time from head-up tilt to when BP reached one-half its maximal decrease; (3) the difference between baseline heart rate (HR) and HR at BP nadir. We calculated the diagnostic yield of optimized thresholds of these features and their combinations.
RESULTS: We included 82 VVS cases (40% men, median age 44 years) and 65 cOH cases (66% men, median age 70 years). BP decrease was concave in cOH in 79% and convex in VVS in 94% (p < 0.001). The time to reach half the BP decrease was shorter in cOH (median 34 sec, interquartile range (IQR) 19-98 sec) than in VVS (median 1571 sec, IQR 1381-1775 sec, p < 0.001). Mean HR increased by 11 ± 11 bpm in cOH and decreased by 20 ± 19 bpm in VVS (p < 0.001). When all three features pointed to VVS, sensitivity for VVS was 82% and specificity was 100%. When all three pointed to cOH, sensitivity for cOH was 71% and specificity was 100%.
INTERPRETATION: These new hemodynamic criteria reliably differentiate cOH from VVS.
METHODS: Inclusion criteria for VVS were a history of VVS and tilt-induced syncope defined as a blood pressure (BP) decrease and electroencephalographic changes during syncope with complaint recognition. Criteria for cOH were a history of cOH and a BP decrease meeting published criteria. Clinical diagnoses were established prior to TTT. We assessed (1) whether the decrease of systolic BP accelerated, "convex," or decelerated, "concave"; (2) the time from head-up tilt to when BP reached one-half its maximal decrease; (3) the difference between baseline heart rate (HR) and HR at BP nadir. We calculated the diagnostic yield of optimized thresholds of these features and their combinations.
RESULTS: We included 82 VVS cases (40% men, median age 44 years) and 65 cOH cases (66% men, median age 70 years). BP decrease was concave in cOH in 79% and convex in VVS in 94% (p < 0.001). The time to reach half the BP decrease was shorter in cOH (median 34 sec, interquartile range (IQR) 19-98 sec) than in VVS (median 1571 sec, IQR 1381-1775 sec, p < 0.001). Mean HR increased by 11 ± 11 bpm in cOH and decreased by 20 ± 19 bpm in VVS (p < 0.001). When all three features pointed to VVS, sensitivity for VVS was 82% and specificity was 100%. When all three pointed to cOH, sensitivity for cOH was 71% and specificity was 100%.
INTERPRETATION: These new hemodynamic criteria reliably differentiate cOH from VVS.