Screen-based sedentary behavior and BMI among Chinese adolescents: weight concern as a mediator moderated by body image perception.

OBJECTIVE

Screen-based sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with elevated BMI; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the mediating role of weight concern in the SB-BMI relationship and examines how body image perception and gender moderate this mediation. By focusing on body image as a critical contextual factor, the study aims to inform targeted interventions for adolescent obesity and overweight.

METHODS

In 2016, self-report questionnaires assessing screen-based SB, weight concern, and body image perception were collected from 508 Chinese adolescents (grades 7-9), yielding 438 valid responses (response rate: 86.22%). Path analysis and bootstrap procedures with bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals were used for data analysis.

RESULTS

Screen-based SB was positively associated with weight concern (b = 1.115, p = 0.009) and BMI (b = 0.183, p < 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that weight concern partially mediated this relationship, with an indirect effect of 0.056 (95% CI = [0.006, 0.114]). This mediation was moderated by body image perception and gender. Specifically, the interaction between BMI overestimation and weight concern was negatively associated with BMI (b=-0.157, p = 0.011), whereas the three-way interaction of gender, weight concern, and overestimated body image perception showed a positive association with BMI (b = 0.080, p = 0.025).

CONCLUSIONS

Screen-based SB influences BMI, with weight concern as a mediator and body image perception and gender as moderators. These findings highlight the importance of targeting sedentary behavior and body image concerns in gender-sensitive interventions for adolescents.