Exploratory study on the self-perceived knowledge and care competence of general practitioners in managing patients with overweight and obesity in Austria.

OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease that is often described as an epidemic or pandemic of the 21st century. General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in managing it, yet multiple barriers hinder effective care. This study explores Austrian GPs' experiences in obesity management, their self-assessed knowledge and care competencies, and the perceived barriers to optimal treatment.

METHODS: A quantitative online survey was conducted among GPs in October and November 2023. The questionnaire covered prevention, treatment, barriers, and experiences in managing overweight and obesity in primary care.

RESULTS: In all, 59 GPs (56% female) completed the survey. Nearly all recognized obesity as a chronic disease and felt responsible for its management, but almost half considered their training insufficient. While 80% acknowledged the need for multimodal therapy programs, awareness of available healthcare services was low. The most significant barrier to effective obesity care from the GP's point of view was a lack of patient motivation. Female GPs were more likely to screen for dietary habits and physical activity, refer patients to specialized care, and request additional resources, whereas male GPs were more likely to prescribe pharmacotherapy. More experienced GPs felt better trained but were less likely to seek treatment guidelines. Regional and practice-setting differences influenced attitudes and referral patterns. GPs with private insurance contracts felt best trained and were least likely to request additional support.

CONCLUSION: The survey revealed considerable uncertainty among GPs regarding the management of overweight and obesity. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve patient care and enhance GPs' training in obesity management.