Analysis of factors influencing diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and construction of a nomogram prediction model.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the influencing factors of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to construct a nomogram.

METHODS

A total of 570 patients with T2DM were included and assigned to a training set (285 cases) and a validation set (285 cases) in a 1:1 ratio. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors, and a nomogram was developed, validated, and evaluated.

RESULTS

The advanced age (OR = 4.575), body mass index ≥ 24.0 kg/m2 (OR = 2.463), history of smoking (OR = 2.585), history of drinking (OR = 2.717), concomitant hypertension (OR = 2.925), concomitant dyslipidemia (OR = 2.393), concomitant DKD (OR = 2.602), and concomitant DR (OR = 4.030) were independent risk factors for DPN in T2DM (p < 0.05). In the training set and validation set, the area under the ROC curve was 0.795 (95% CI: 0.740-0.850) and 0.857 (95% CI: 0.812-0.903), respectively. Both calibration curve and actual curve conformed to the ideal curve. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed χ2 = 8.212 and 8.392, respectively, p = 0.413, 0.396, respectively. When the threshold probabilities were between 0.22-0.96 and 0.18-1.00, the nomogram was more favorable for predicting the risk of DPN in T2DM.

CONCLUSION

Advanced age, body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m2, history of smoking, history of drinking, comorbid hypertension, comorbid dyslipidemia, comorbid DKD, and comorbid DR are independent risk factors for DPN in T2DM. The nomogram based on these factors can effectively predict the risk of DPN in patients with T2DM.