Enhanced Nursing Intervention, Glycemic Variability, And In-Hospital Outcomes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This study investigated the association between enhanced nursing intervention and glycemic variability, as well as short-term hospitalization outcomes, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A retrospective cohort design was employed, consecutively enrolling hospitalized patients with T2DM from December 2022 to December 2025. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to balance age, sex, disease duration, and baseline medication use, resulting in 50 patients receiving enhanced nursing care and 50 receiving routine care. Enhanced nursing included dietary and exercise guidance, psychological counseling, self-management education, and continuous glucose monitoring. Primary outcomes included glycemic variability metrics, including standard deviation of blood glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, largest amplitude of glycemic excursions, coefficient of variation, and time in range. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization parameters, including length of stay, readmission rate, hypoglycemic events, and nursing satisfaction. After matching, baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Compared with the routine care group, the enhanced nursing group demonstrated significantly lower glycemic variability indicators and reduced fasting and postprandial glucose levels (p < 0.05). Hospitalization outcomes also improved significantly, including shorter length of stay (p < 0.05), lower 30-day readmission rate (2.0% vs. 14.0%, p = 0.027), and fewer hypoglycemic events (6.0% vs. 24.0%, p = 0.012). Multivariate regression analysis identified enhanced nursing as an independent protective factor associated with reduced glycemic variability (B = -7.892, p < 0.001) and shorter hospitalization duration (B = -3.112, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that enhanced nursing intervention is associated with improved glycemic stability and better short-term hospitalization outcomes in patients with T2DM.