An epidemic of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a renal transplantation center: role of T-cell lymphopenia.

Although only 2 cases of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia were observed in our center between 2004 and 2009, we diagnosed 9 cases in 2010. Each patient had been in contact in the hospital with at least 1 other patient suffering P jiroveci pneumonia. Genotyping of P jiroveci pneumonia strains demonstrates a total homogeneity of the DNA sequences in the 7 patients already analyzed. CD4+ lymphocyte count was significantly lower at M3 in P jiroveci pneumonia patients than in controls. Our clinical and molecular data confirm that interhuman transmission of P jiroveci is possible, particularly to lymphopenic transplant recipients.