Leukemia following Reye's syndrome treated with exchange transfusions: search for type-C viral infection.

A 5-year-old child developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia during convalescence from an episode of Reye's syndrome that was treated with multiple exchange transfusions. Routine laboratory, histology, and viral serology were unable to establish a common etiology for the 2 illnesses. Cultural and immunologic methods to search for evidence of infection with type-C viruses or viral genes in lymphoblasts from the buffy coat and bone marrow failed to reveal these agents. Although no common infectious etiology was defined for the close temporal occurrence of 2 rare diseases, the possibility of an iatrogenically induced malignancy was considered.