Post-exposure prevention of HIV-1 infection.

Post-exposure prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection involves a combined modality approach to subjects exposed to the HIV-1 virus through sexual or occupational contact or intravenous drug use. Identification of those at highest risk of transmission, which involves patient factors as well as the infectivity of the partner and the local prevalence of HIV-1, will help to determine appropriate candidates for post-exposure treatment. Early institution of therapy (within 72 h) should be followed with education and counselling to help maximize therapeutic adherence while reinforcing safer behaviour for the future.