[Optimal positive and expiratory pressure in adult respiratory distress syndrome (author's transl)].

We defined a new optimal positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The optimal PEEP is the one which allows to obtain a PaO2 greater than or equal to 400 mmHg and/or an intrapulmonary shunt less than or equal to 15 p. cent, the cardiac output being held constant. 14 cases of ARDS have been treated by this method with encouraging results. The earlier optimal PEEP was applied, the more effective it was.