COVID and cytopathology training: Impact and innovations.

Graduate medical education and training in Cytopathology faced numerous unexpected challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. It was caused by the SARS-Co-V2 coronavirus and transmitted by breathing droplets or aerosol particles containing the virus and less commonly by contact with infected surfaces and fomites. To mitigate the rapid spread of disease non-essential services were closed, surgical procedures were prioritized, and "social distancing" was implemented. These measures led to a marked decline in the volume of specimens, number of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and rapid on-site evaluation procedures performed. The trainees in Pathology were required to stay at home either entirely or partly during the early period of the pandemic. This led to re-designing of the cytopathology training program nationwide. Many innovative methods and protocols were put in place to overcome the challenges faced and adjustments made in creating the virtual training program in Cytopathology. On May 5th, 2023, the WHO declared that COVID-19 was no longer a global emergency. Regulations were lifted and healthcare services returned to pre-pandemic era. Graduate medical education and training returned to normal however many changes were incorporated into the training program moving forward. Herein the impacts and innovations that COVID-19 had on Cytopathology training are described.