Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and associated factors of iron-deficiency anemia among Chinese children under 6 years of age.
СтатьяСистематический обзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Li Weiwei, Gong Yao, Lai Yan, Mao Yu, Wu Enlian, Feng Guolian, Yang Chun, Wang Jia
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in Chinese children under 6 years of age and identify the associated risk factors.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted for studies published up to 15 January 2025 in English and Chinese databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang Data). A random-effects model was used to synthesize prevalence data and risk factors.
RESULTS: Twenty-three studies involving 93,570 children (19,994 with IDA) were included. The overall IDA prevalence was 20.61% (95% CI: 14.68%-26.54%), with higher rates in rural areas (29.96%) compared to urban areas (13.28%). Significant risk factors for IDA included male sex (OR = 1.35), age 6-12 months (OR = 4.10), age 13-24 months (OR = 2.66), low birth weight (<2,500 g) (OR = 1.46), maternal anemia during pregnancy (OR = 2.50), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.18), and premature birth (OR = 2.15). Protective factors included mixed feeding (OR = 0.59), artificial feeding (OR = 0.54), and early introduction of complementary feeding (<6 months) (OR = 0.57). Respiratory diseases, diarrhoea, and formula feeding were not significant risk factors. Meta-regression showed no impact of study design or sample size on these associations.
CONCLUSION: Risk factors for IDA in Chinese children under 6 years of age include male sex, younger age (6-24 months), low birth weight, maternal anemia, cesarean delivery, and premature birth. Mixed or artificial feeding and early complementary feeding may protect against IDA. Further large-scale worldwide studies are needed to confirm these findings and inform public health strategies.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted for studies published up to 15 January 2025 in English and Chinese databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang Data). A random-effects model was used to synthesize prevalence data and risk factors.
RESULTS: Twenty-three studies involving 93,570 children (19,994 with IDA) were included. The overall IDA prevalence was 20.61% (95% CI: 14.68%-26.54%), with higher rates in rural areas (29.96%) compared to urban areas (13.28%). Significant risk factors for IDA included male sex (OR = 1.35), age 6-12 months (OR = 4.10), age 13-24 months (OR = 2.66), low birth weight (<2,500 g) (OR = 1.46), maternal anemia during pregnancy (OR = 2.50), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.18), and premature birth (OR = 2.15). Protective factors included mixed feeding (OR = 0.59), artificial feeding (OR = 0.54), and early introduction of complementary feeding (<6 months) (OR = 0.57). Respiratory diseases, diarrhoea, and formula feeding were not significant risk factors. Meta-regression showed no impact of study design or sample size on these associations.
CONCLUSION: Risk factors for IDA in Chinese children under 6 years of age include male sex, younger age (6-24 months), low birth weight, maternal anemia, cesarean delivery, and premature birth. Mixed or artificial feeding and early complementary feeding may protect against IDA. Further large-scale worldwide studies are needed to confirm these findings and inform public health strategies.