Biomedical Interventions for HIV Prevention and Control: Beyond Vaccination.

The global HIV epidemic remains persistent, mostly because of neither a drug for its cure nor a vaccine for its prevention. An HIV vaccine is thought of as the most cost-effective biomedical intervention to eventually terminate the HIV epidemic, but it is not clinically available yet due to technical hurdles. However, beyond vaccination, increasing alternative and innovative biomedical interventions have been developed for the prevention and control of HIV infections. Herein, we discuss the challenges encountered in the innovation of biomedical interventions against HIV infections, and summarize the landscape and latest advances of these biomedical interventions to intercept the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission, aiming to provide valuable clues for exploring more out-of-the-box solutions to prevent HIV infections, thereby contributing to realizing the 2030 goal of ending the AIDS epidemic.