Impact of triflumezopyrim (insecticide) on blood and serum biochemistry of freshwater fish, subadult Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822).

The impact of insecticides on water bodies can be evaluated by studying the physiology and health of fish. These chemicals pose a significant and direct risk to aquatic ecosystems and hence aquatic animals like fish. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of sub-lethal concentrations of triflumezopyrim, a novel synthetic insecticide commonly used in crop protection, on the biochemical and hematological parameters of freshwater sub-adult Labeo rohita L. Here, fish were subjected to sub-lethal doses of triflumezopyrim at various concentrations (1.41 ppm, 3.27 ppm, and 4.97 ppm) for 21 days. In addition, fish were grown in an insecticide-free control group to determine the toxic effects of the insecticides. The obtained data on various biochemical and hematological parameters of the fish were analyzed using state-of-the-art statistics. Our findings suggest that triflumezopyrim exposure has a significant effect on blood variables. However, variable response, such as mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, and eosinophils were unaffected by insecticide treatment, regardless of the dose. Our interhematological parameter analysis revealed varying interrelationships at various insecticide doses. Similarly, triflumezopyrim exposure significantly affected the response of serum biomarker profiles i.e., the difference in mean treatment pairs (control and three doses of triflumezopyrim) had a significant effect on the response of most serum profile parameters. For example, cholesterol response was inversely related to serological markers, including total protein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, under triflumezopyrim exposure. The relationship pattern and grouping dynamics of the blood and serum parameters changed drastically under various insecticide doses according to correlation and cluster analyses. Our results showed that repeated exposure of fish to various sub-lethal concentrations of triflumezopyrim negatively affected their physiology and serology, which is highly harmful to the organism.