Rectus Abdominis Muscle Metastasis of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma:A Rare Clinical Entity.

UNLABELLED: Capping agents like polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) are frequently used for the stability and functionality of metal oxide nanoparticles, including magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). However, their influence on the biological activities of MgO-NPs has not been extensively studied. The present study investigates the effects of PEG and CTAB capping on the biological properties of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). For this purpose, the surface capping was achieved using a facile precipitation approach, followed by comprehensive characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Elemental analysis, and Dynamic light scattering, along with the comparative yield analysis. The results document significant differences in biological activities based on surface capping. CTAB@MgO-NPs, carrying a positive surface charge, exhibited strong antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities. For instance, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Aspergillus flavus showed high sensitivity, with zones of inhibition (ZOI) measuring 23 ± 1.3 mm and 19 ± 1.4 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.312 mg/mL and 1.125 mg/mL, respectively. Conversely, PEG@MgO-NPs exhibited higher antioxidant potential, as indicated by DPPH free radical scavenging ability (44.19 ± 1.2%), suggesting the inherent antioxidant nature of PEG. Despite differences in the biological properties, both the NPs formulations were found to be haemocompatible, with no observable cytotoxic effects on red blood cells. The study highlights that the surface properties of MgO-NPs play a critical role in shaping their biological interactions. It further suggests that optimization of surface capping with appropriate materials can be strategically employed to improve their performance for targeted biomedical applications, such as antimicrobial therapy, parasitic disease intervention, and the alleviation of oxidative stress.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04590-1.