HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025
The Usefulness of Mediastinal Cryobiopsy in the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in HIV Patients.
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Sánchez-Cabral Olivia, Osuna-Padilla Iván Armando, Majid Adnan, Contreras-Garza Belinda Maricela, Negrete-García María Fernanda
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Mediastinal diseases in HIV patients show complex diagnostic challenges due to opportunistic infections and rare neoplasms. While Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a key technique, its effectiveness is limited as it only provides cytological samples. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy (CryoEBUS) emerges as a promising alternative, yielding larger and higher-quality samples. This study, the first in Mexico and the first worldwide in HIV patients, evaluates its diagnostic efficacy compared to EBUS-TBNA, highlighting its potential to improve disease management in immunocompromised populations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study has been conducted from April 2023 to October 2023 at a tertiary center for respiratory diseases in Mexico, evaluating the usefulness of the endobronchial ultrasound-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy (CryoEBUS) diagnostic in HIV-positive patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy ≥1cm. Patients underwent CryoEBUS, with outcomes assessed via pathology and microbiology reports.
RESULTS: Eleven patients were included (64% male, mean age 39.1 years). CryoEBUS yielded diagnostic results in 82% of cases compared to 72% for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 50% for EBUS alone. Combined CryoEBUS and BAL demonstrated the highest yield (91%).
CONCLUSION: In patients with HIV and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, mediastinal cryobiopsy has proven to be a useful, effective technique with a high diagnostic yield, especially for benign pathologies. It has also proven to be a safe technique and when combined with other lung sampling techniques, it improves the diagnostic yield of infectious diseases and rare neoplasms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study has been conducted from April 2023 to October 2023 at a tertiary center for respiratory diseases in Mexico, evaluating the usefulness of the endobronchial ultrasound-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy (CryoEBUS) diagnostic in HIV-positive patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy ≥1cm. Patients underwent CryoEBUS, with outcomes assessed via pathology and microbiology reports.
RESULTS: Eleven patients were included (64% male, mean age 39.1 years). CryoEBUS yielded diagnostic results in 82% of cases compared to 72% for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 50% for EBUS alone. Combined CryoEBUS and BAL demonstrated the highest yield (91%).
CONCLUSION: In patients with HIV and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, mediastinal cryobiopsy has proven to be a useful, effective technique with a high diagnostic yield, especially for benign pathologies. It has also proven to be a safe technique and when combined with other lung sampling techniques, it improves the diagnostic yield of infectious diseases and rare neoplasms.