Oral manifestations in leishmaniasis: a single-center experience from Venezuela.

OBJECTIVE

Leishmaniasis is among the 10 most neglected tropical diseases worldwide. Because oral involvement is uncommon, diagnosis can be challenging. This study assessed the oral health status of individuals with leishmaniasis and described the clinicopathological features and treatment of its oral manifestations.

STUDY

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 at a dermatology center in Venezuela. Clinicopathological features and treatment of individuals with leishmaniasis were analyzed descriptively.

RESULTS

Among 215 individuals diagnosed with leishmaniasis, 6 (2.8%) presented oral mucosal involvement. Males accounted for 83.4% of these cases, with a mean age of 53.4 years (range: 13-75). The mucocutaneous form was the most common (n = 5/83.3%). The hard/soft palate was the most frequently affected site (n = 4/66.7%). Clinically, lesions manifested as irregular, hemorrhagic ulcers, occasionally with nodular patterns. Microscopically, granulomatous inflammation with macrophages containing intracytoplasmic Leishmania inclusions was identified. Poor oral hygiene was present in 80.5% of patients, and tooth loss in 56.3%. Treatment with meglumine antimonate was effective in 86.5% of cases.

CONCLUSION

Oral leishmaniasis in endemic regions such as Venezuela requires enhanced surveillance and a multidisciplinary approach for early diagnosis and management. Public health strategies should prioritize the oral health needs of this venerable population.