[Progress in the application of high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation in immunosuppressed patients with acute respiratory failure].

High-flow nasal cannula oxygenation (HFNC) characterized as a new non-invasive respiratory support technology, has been widely used in recent years. Compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT), non-invasive ventilation (NIV), HFNC can offset patient discomforts, and effectively arrest the deterioration of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in immunosuppressed patients. Although there is no benefit of HFNC over COT on reducing mortality in immunocompromised patients with ARF, HFNC is associated with a lower intubation rate and the improved prognosis of transplant recipients and solid cancer patients. Although the association between the prognosis of HFNC treatment and the pathogenic differences of ARF patients remains unknown, HFNC has, as one of the alternative methods for treating ARF in immunosuppressed patients, outstanding clinical significance. The treatment of HFNC in immunosuppressed patients with ARF, such as transplantation, malignancy, pneumocystis pneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia are reviewed in this article, in order to guide the clinical application of HFNC in such patients.