Brain sciences · 2026
Submaximal Unilateral Arm Cycling Produces Transient but Not Sustained Changes in Corticospinal Excitability in the Homologous Muscles of the Non-Exercised Limb.
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Rahmani Hiwa, Amoozi Hamid, Refai Ibrahim Saif Allah Ahmed, Power Kevin E
Аннотация
PURPOSE: This study investigated whether an acute bout of submaximal unilateral arm cycling elicits sustained changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in the homologous muscles of the non-exercised, resting limb. A secondary aim was to determine whether prior exercise induces a preconditioning effect on subsequent motor output.
METHODS: Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude (single-pulse) and SICI (paired-pulse) in the resting non-dominant flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles of healthy participants. Measures were obtained at rest, during a 10 min bout of unilateral arm cycling (30 W, 60 rpm), and throughout a 20 min recovery period. To assess potential preconditioning effects, measurements were repeated during a second 2 min cycling bout following a 20 min recovery. Rest and exercise conditions were analyzed separately due to differences in stimulation intensity (RMT vs. AMT).
RESULTS: Unilateral arm cycling did not produce sustained changes in CSE or SICI in the resting limb when both arms were at rest. Furthermore, unilateral arm cycling followed by a 20 min recovery period did not result in a preconditioning effect, as CSE in the resting limb was not enhanced during a subsequent unilateral arm cycling bout.
CONCLUSIONS: Submaximal unilateral arm cycling induces a transient, state-dependent increase in CSE to the non-exercised limb without altering SICI. The absence of SICI modulation suggests that this facilitation is not mediated by GABAA-dependent intracortical mechanisms, and may instead reflect modulation arising from spinal and interlimb locomotor circuitry. The lack of sustained post-exercise effects indicates that low-intensity arm cycling does not induce a plasticity-permissive cortical state, highlighting a distinction between transient, movement-dependent facilitation and longer-lasting exercise-induced neuroplasticity.
METHODS: Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude (single-pulse) and SICI (paired-pulse) in the resting non-dominant flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles of healthy participants. Measures were obtained at rest, during a 10 min bout of unilateral arm cycling (30 W, 60 rpm), and throughout a 20 min recovery period. To assess potential preconditioning effects, measurements were repeated during a second 2 min cycling bout following a 20 min recovery. Rest and exercise conditions were analyzed separately due to differences in stimulation intensity (RMT vs. AMT).
RESULTS: Unilateral arm cycling did not produce sustained changes in CSE or SICI in the resting limb when both arms were at rest. Furthermore, unilateral arm cycling followed by a 20 min recovery period did not result in a preconditioning effect, as CSE in the resting limb was not enhanced during a subsequent unilateral arm cycling bout.
CONCLUSIONS: Submaximal unilateral arm cycling induces a transient, state-dependent increase in CSE to the non-exercised limb without altering SICI. The absence of SICI modulation suggests that this facilitation is not mediated by GABAA-dependent intracortical mechanisms, and may instead reflect modulation arising from spinal and interlimb locomotor circuitry. The lack of sustained post-exercise effects indicates that low-intensity arm cycling does not induce a plasticity-permissive cortical state, highlighting a distinction between transient, movement-dependent facilitation and longer-lasting exercise-induced neuroplasticity.