The PRMT-mediated arginine methylation: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the preeminent cause of mortality among non-communicable diseases globally, posing a significant threat to human health and placing a considerable socioeconomic burden on patients and healthcare systems. Given pathogenesis complexity, many cardiovascular conditions lack effective early detection or disease-halting therapies. This review integrates emerging protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) evidence to identify their mechanistic roles and therapeutic potential in CVDs. Accumulating evidence indicates that levels of PRMTs are altered in patients with CVDs, and they are directly implicated in disease pathogenesis by modulating levels and activities of other downstream signaling molecules and enzymes in the body, such as asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitric oxide synthase. Hence, this review summarizes the mechanisms of PRMTs' effects and the regulatory factors influencing its activity, especially the roles of PRMTs in atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. By elucidating the multifaceted involvement of PRMTs in these conditions, this review aims to establish a theoretical foundation for exploring the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of PRMTs in clinical practice.