European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 2025
Menstrual irregularities and cardiometabolic risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Afzal Ahson, Abdelkader Omar Khalid Samir, Abd-ElGawad Mohamed, Dean Yomna E, Aboeldahb Moataz, Popoola-Samuel Helen A O, Hamdy Anas, Elmezayen Rafeek Walid, Elalem Amir, Aziz Nadir Zulfiqar, Thakur Anandita, Jain Armaan, Al Dhneem Hassan Nassr, Hamed Elkasaby Hamza Mohamed, Atta Raneem, Anghel Ileana, Donaldy Webster, Toraih Eman, Aiash Hani
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Menstrual cycle irregularities have been linked to several health hazards; it is unclear how these risks relate to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compile data regarding the relationship between irregular menstruation and women's cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes.
METHODS: A systematic search of online databases was conducted for studies comparing cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes between women with irregular and regular menstrual cycles. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated adopting a random effects model.
RESULTS: Eight observational studies comprising 354,419 women were included. Women with irregular menstrual cycles showed a significantly increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease (RR: 1.43, 95 % CI: 1.01 to 2.03) compared to those with regular menstrual cycles. Subgroup analyses for specific cardiovascular outcomes demonstrated increased risks of coronary artery disease (RR: 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.14-1.46), hypertension (RR: 1.50, 95 % CI: 1.23-1.82) and heart failure (RR: 1.45, 95 % CI: 1.11-1.89) in women with irregular cycles compared to those with regular cycles. Additionally, the risk of cerebrovascular disease was higher in women with irregular cycles compared to those with regular cycles (RR: 1.62, 95 % CI: 1.10-2.40), Notably, patients with irregular menstrual cycles were found to have a higher risk of developing diabetes mellitus (RR: 1.75, 95 % CI: 1.31-2.34) and hypercholesterolemia (RR: 1.33, 95 % CI: 1.16-1.52).
CONCLUSION: Menstrual irregularities are associated with greater risks for several cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, highlighting the importance of regular check-ups to prevent disease occurrence in these patients.
METHODS: A systematic search of online databases was conducted for studies comparing cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes between women with irregular and regular menstrual cycles. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated adopting a random effects model.
RESULTS: Eight observational studies comprising 354,419 women were included. Women with irregular menstrual cycles showed a significantly increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease (RR: 1.43, 95 % CI: 1.01 to 2.03) compared to those with regular menstrual cycles. Subgroup analyses for specific cardiovascular outcomes demonstrated increased risks of coronary artery disease (RR: 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.14-1.46), hypertension (RR: 1.50, 95 % CI: 1.23-1.82) and heart failure (RR: 1.45, 95 % CI: 1.11-1.89) in women with irregular cycles compared to those with regular cycles. Additionally, the risk of cerebrovascular disease was higher in women with irregular cycles compared to those with regular cycles (RR: 1.62, 95 % CI: 1.10-2.40), Notably, patients with irregular menstrual cycles were found to have a higher risk of developing diabetes mellitus (RR: 1.75, 95 % CI: 1.31-2.34) and hypercholesterolemia (RR: 1.33, 95 % CI: 1.16-1.52).
CONCLUSION: Menstrual irregularities are associated with greater risks for several cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, highlighting the importance of regular check-ups to prevent disease occurrence in these patients.