Genetic diversity study and phylogenetic analysis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato infecting buffaloes in India using NAD1, COX1 and ITS1 genes.

BACKGROUND

Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. In India, with its vast livestock population and suitable environmental conditions, there are challenges in diagnosing and managing this disease. This study aimed a multilocus molecular approach to assess genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of E. granulosus s.l in buffaloes from different regions of India.

METHODS AND

RESULTS

Hydatid cysts were collected from buffaloes at abattoirs across four geographic zones of India: North, South, East, and West. The cysts were processed and PCR was performed targeting three genetic markers NAD1, COX1 and ITS1. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine genetic diversity. Additionally, haplotype analysis was done to further investigate population genetics which provided insights into the evolutionary relationships among the identified haplotypes.A total of 700 buffalo carcasses was examined. The majority of the cysts were found in the lungs and liver. Phylogenetic analysis of the markers revealed that most isolates clustered with the E. granulosus G2 and G3 genotype, while a few isolates displayed similarity to the G1, G5, and G7 genotypes. Detection of 15 unique haplotypes, suggests substantial genetic heterogeneity within Indian isolates.

CONCLUSION

This study offers valuable insights into the genetic diversity of E. granulosus sensu lato in buffaloes across India. The findings highlight the necessity for enhanced diagnostic tools and region-specific control strategies to reduce the impact of cystic echinococcosis (CE) on livestock and public health. Further research on molecular epidemiology and host-parasite interactions is recommended to develop effective disease management strategies.