Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2020
Pregnant Women Consume a Similar Proportion of Highly vs Minimally Processed Foods in the Absence of Hunger, Leading to Large Differences in Energy Intake.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеResearch Support, N.I.H., IntramuralНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Lipsky Leah M, Burger Kyle S, Faith Myles S, Siega-Riz Anna Maria, Liu Aiyi, Shearrer Grace E, Nansel Tonja R
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) experimental paradigm measures intake of highly palatable, highly processed foods when sated. However, no studies have examined EAH in pregnant women.
OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to investigate whether EAH in pregnant women differs by level of food processing and to examine relationships of EAH with hedonic hunger, addictive-like eating, and impulsivity.
DESIGN: EAH was assessed in a counterbalanced crossover feeding substudy in which participants completed two free-access eating occasions following a standardized meal during their second pregnancy trimester. Hedonic hunger (Power of Food Scale), addictive-like eating (modified Yale Food Addiction Scale), and impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-15) were assessed by self-report during early pregnancy.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Data were collected from March 2015 through September 2016 from a subsample of participants (n = 46) enrolled at ≤12 weeks gestation in an observational, prospective cohort study (the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study) in North Carolina.
INTERVENTION: Participants were presented with highly processed and minimally processed foods in two separate assessments.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Energy intake (EAH-kcal) and percent consumed (EAH-%) (calculated as 100 × [amount consumed (g) / amount served (g)]) was measured overall and separately for sweet and savory foods.
STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Linear mixed models estimated the effect of condition on EAH. Hedonic hunger, addictive-like eating, impulsivity and their interaction were examined separately.
RESULTS: EAH-% was similar across conditions (16.3% ± 1.1% highly processed vs 17.9% ± 1.2% minimally processed; P = 0.76), resulting in 338.5 ± 34.2 kcal greater energy intake in the highly processed vs minimally processed condition (P < 0.001). Hedonic hunger was not significantly associated with EAH; reward-related eating was positively associated with EAH-kcal and EAH-% of savory foods, and Barratt Impulsivity was positively associated with EAH-kcal and EAH-% overall, and with EAH-% of sweet foods (P < 0.05). There was little evidence of an interaction of Barratt Impulsivity with hedonic hunger or reward-related eating.
CONCLUSIONS: EAH in pregnant women occurs for both highly processed and minimally processed foods and correlates positively with self-reported addictive-like eating, but not hedonic hunger. Impulsivity did not modify associations of addictive-like eating with EAH in this sample.
OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to investigate whether EAH in pregnant women differs by level of food processing and to examine relationships of EAH with hedonic hunger, addictive-like eating, and impulsivity.
DESIGN: EAH was assessed in a counterbalanced crossover feeding substudy in which participants completed two free-access eating occasions following a standardized meal during their second pregnancy trimester. Hedonic hunger (Power of Food Scale), addictive-like eating (modified Yale Food Addiction Scale), and impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-15) were assessed by self-report during early pregnancy.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Data were collected from March 2015 through September 2016 from a subsample of participants (n = 46) enrolled at ≤12 weeks gestation in an observational, prospective cohort study (the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study) in North Carolina.
INTERVENTION: Participants were presented with highly processed and minimally processed foods in two separate assessments.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Energy intake (EAH-kcal) and percent consumed (EAH-%) (calculated as 100 × [amount consumed (g) / amount served (g)]) was measured overall and separately for sweet and savory foods.
STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Linear mixed models estimated the effect of condition on EAH. Hedonic hunger, addictive-like eating, impulsivity and their interaction were examined separately.
RESULTS: EAH-% was similar across conditions (16.3% ± 1.1% highly processed vs 17.9% ± 1.2% minimally processed; P = 0.76), resulting in 338.5 ± 34.2 kcal greater energy intake in the highly processed vs minimally processed condition (P < 0.001). Hedonic hunger was not significantly associated with EAH; reward-related eating was positively associated with EAH-kcal and EAH-% of savory foods, and Barratt Impulsivity was positively associated with EAH-kcal and EAH-% overall, and with EAH-% of sweet foods (P < 0.05). There was little evidence of an interaction of Barratt Impulsivity with hedonic hunger or reward-related eating.
CONCLUSIONS: EAH in pregnant women occurs for both highly processed and minimally processed foods and correlates positively with self-reported addictive-like eating, but not hedonic hunger. Impulsivity did not modify associations of addictive-like eating with EAH in this sample.