Journal of oral microbiology · 2026
Nonsurgical periodontal therapy remodels oral microbiome-metabolome networks and associates with glycemic and inflammatory improvements in type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis: a 6-month longitudinal study.
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Diao Jing, Li Hejia, Zheng Shuguo, Niu Jiahui, Yuan Chao
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a bidirectional relationship, yet how nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) affects oral microbiome-metabolome interactions in this comorbidity remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To longitudinally characterize oral microbiome and metabolome shifts following NSPT in patients with T2DM and periodontitis, and to relate these shifts to periodontal and systemic outcomes.
DESIGN: A total of 42 participants completed the 6-month follow-up. At baseline, they were randomly assigned to NSPT (supragingival scaling plus scaling and root planning, n = 24) or supragingival scaling alone (n = 18). Periodontal parameters, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), and glucose/lipid markers were measured at baseline, at 3 and 6 months. Oral samples were collected at each visit for microbiome profiling and metabolomics. Microbe-metabolite-clinical features and associations were explored using correlation analyses and pathway annotation.
RESULTS: NSPT improved periodontal inflammation and was accompanied by favorable changes in systemic inflammation and glucose/lipid indices; HbA1c reduction was more pronounced in those with poorer baseline glycemic control. Both groups showed temporal variability in microbiome and metabolome profiles, but the taxa/metabolites that changed differed between groups. Changes in bleeding index correlated positively with 13-eicosenoic acid, xylose, Rothia aeria, and Alloprevotella tannerae, whereas changes in CRP correlated positively with sorbitol, galactitol, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola. Selected microbe-metabolite pairs mapped to glutathione and purine metabolism.
CONCLUSION: NSPT reshapes oral microbe-metabolite networks in T2DM with periodontitis, implicating redox-related pathways that may link periodontal therapy to systemic inflammation and glycemic control.
OBJECTIVE: To longitudinally characterize oral microbiome and metabolome shifts following NSPT in patients with T2DM and periodontitis, and to relate these shifts to periodontal and systemic outcomes.
DESIGN: A total of 42 participants completed the 6-month follow-up. At baseline, they were randomly assigned to NSPT (supragingival scaling plus scaling and root planning, n = 24) or supragingival scaling alone (n = 18). Periodontal parameters, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), and glucose/lipid markers were measured at baseline, at 3 and 6 months. Oral samples were collected at each visit for microbiome profiling and metabolomics. Microbe-metabolite-clinical features and associations were explored using correlation analyses and pathway annotation.
RESULTS: NSPT improved periodontal inflammation and was accompanied by favorable changes in systemic inflammation and glucose/lipid indices; HbA1c reduction was more pronounced in those with poorer baseline glycemic control. Both groups showed temporal variability in microbiome and metabolome profiles, but the taxa/metabolites that changed differed between groups. Changes in bleeding index correlated positively with 13-eicosenoic acid, xylose, Rothia aeria, and Alloprevotella tannerae, whereas changes in CRP correlated positively with sorbitol, galactitol, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola. Selected microbe-metabolite pairs mapped to glutathione and purine metabolism.
CONCLUSION: NSPT reshapes oral microbe-metabolite networks in T2DM with periodontitis, implicating redox-related pathways that may link periodontal therapy to systemic inflammation and glycemic control.