Obesity and periodontal diseases: A review.

Obesity and periodontal diseases are highly prevalent chronic conditions linked by shared inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Obesity-induced systemic inflammation, adipokines imbalance and oxidative stress can exacerbate periodontal breakdown, while epidemiological evidence demonstrates a consistent association between excess adiposity and increased periodontitis risk. Understanding these mechanisms supports integrated management strategies combining periodontal therapy with lifestyle and metabolic interventions. This review summarises current biological, epidemiological and clinical evidence on the obesity-periodontitis relationship.