Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
Tea tree oil action on human corneal epithelial cells biological activity.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Paduch Roman, Matysik-Woźniak Anna, Jünemann Anselm G, Rejdak Robert
Аннотация
PURPOSE: In ophthalmology, tea tree oil is used as an anti-infective and wound-healing compound. It is also effective in combating parasitic eyelid infections. Unfortunately, it has been linked to corneal epithelial defects when it contacts the ocular surface.
METHODS AND RESULTS: It was shown that concentrations of TTO exceeding 0.01% may have adverse effects on corneal epithelial cells, reducing cell viability. The IC50 (MTT assay) was 0.055% and the IC50 (NR uptake assay) was 0.1%. Cell death occurred primarily through apoptosis. Flow cytometry revealed that TTO increased the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) threefold by the tested cells at TTO concentrations of 0.01%. However, TTO reduced ROS levels in cells previously preincubated with phorbol ester (PMA). TTO concentrations below 0.01% did not affect the level of nitric oxide (NO) released by cells. TTO concentrations (up to 0.01%) increased the number of cells in the sub-G1 and triggered an 5-6% increase in the G1 and 15% decrease in the G2 phase. Moreover, these concentrations increased the level of IL-1β twofold and IL-6 2.5-fold compared to the untreated control measured by ELISA.
CONCLUSIONS: We detected that the threshold concentration of TTO that can be considered safe for human corneal epithelial cells is 0.01% in in vitro tests. Higher concentrations were toxic to corneal epithelial cells, leading to their morphological and metabolic changes.
METHODS AND RESULTS: It was shown that concentrations of TTO exceeding 0.01% may have adverse effects on corneal epithelial cells, reducing cell viability. The IC50 (MTT assay) was 0.055% and the IC50 (NR uptake assay) was 0.1%. Cell death occurred primarily through apoptosis. Flow cytometry revealed that TTO increased the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) threefold by the tested cells at TTO concentrations of 0.01%. However, TTO reduced ROS levels in cells previously preincubated with phorbol ester (PMA). TTO concentrations below 0.01% did not affect the level of nitric oxide (NO) released by cells. TTO concentrations (up to 0.01%) increased the number of cells in the sub-G1 and triggered an 5-6% increase in the G1 and 15% decrease in the G2 phase. Moreover, these concentrations increased the level of IL-1β twofold and IL-6 2.5-fold compared to the untreated control measured by ELISA.
CONCLUSIONS: We detected that the threshold concentration of TTO that can be considered safe for human corneal epithelial cells is 0.01% in in vitro tests. Higher concentrations were toxic to corneal epithelial cells, leading to their morphological and metabolic changes.