Does the media (also) keep the score? Media-based exposure to the Russian-Ukrainian war and mental health in Portugal.

The Russian-Ukrainian war (RUW) is responsible for extensive individual suffering and a socio-economic impact on the world and is reshaping global affairs. Many studies have focused on direct exposure to conflict and several public health policies have been devised. Nonetheless, indirect exposure through media has received minimal attention and there is limited evidence that mental health symptoms and disorders may arise as a result. We explored the role of voluntary or involuntary media-based exposure to the RUW on individuals' mental health including stress symptoms, coping strategies, daily functioning, and worries across demographic variables. In our sample, subjects with involuntary and higher amount of exposure seem to have higher stress symptoms. Also, those who had previous ruminations on war issues could be at risk of developing more post-traumatic stress symptoms. Therefore, media appears to be a conduit that spreads negative consequences of community trauma beyond directly affected communities.