Journal of translational medicine · 2025
Muscle quality decline and fat infiltration in non-elderly OSA patients: associations with metabolic abnormalities.
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Lu Dasheng, Zhang Mingchao, Guo Qingwu, Zhang Hao
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and adverse muscle alterations are significant age-related disorders associated with cardiovascular and metabolic morbidities. However, their relationship in non-elderly populations remains unclear.
METHODS: This study enrolled 52 hypertensive patients aged below 60 years (mean age: 48.5 ± 7.6 years), divided into OSA (n = 29, apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 5) and control (n = 23) groups. Muscle quantity (erector spinae muscle [ESM] cross-sectional area [CSA], normalized CSA indices: CSA/height2, CSA/BMI) and quality (muscle density, radiographic density ratio [RDR], fat infiltration rate [FIR]) were assessed via chest CT. Plasma metabolites were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics.
RESULTS: The OSA group had higher BMI (27.3 ± 4.3 vs 24.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2, p = 0.02) and larger ESM CSA (20.6 ± 5.8 vs 15.8 ± 5.1 cm2, p = 0.003), CSA/height2 (6.9 ± 1.8 vs 5.5 ± 1.4, p = 0.003), and CSA/BMI (0.75 ± 0.17 vs 0.63 ± 0.17, p = 0.018) compared to controls. Muscle density (35.3 ± 7.5 vs 41.6 ± 4.7 Hounsfield units, p = 0.001) and RDR (1.5 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001) were lower, while FIR was higher (9.6 ± 3.6% vs 3.5 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001) in the OSA group. A subgroup analysis including only patients with normal BMI yielded similar results. Metabolomics revealed 13 differentially expressed metabolites, with Anserine, Adipic acid, and Mestranol positively correlated with FIR.
CONCLUSION: OSA is associated with reduced muscle quality and increased fat infiltration in non-elderly hypertensive patients, and linked to metabolic abnormalities.
METHODS: This study enrolled 52 hypertensive patients aged below 60 years (mean age: 48.5 ± 7.6 years), divided into OSA (n = 29, apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 5) and control (n = 23) groups. Muscle quantity (erector spinae muscle [ESM] cross-sectional area [CSA], normalized CSA indices: CSA/height2, CSA/BMI) and quality (muscle density, radiographic density ratio [RDR], fat infiltration rate [FIR]) were assessed via chest CT. Plasma metabolites were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics.
RESULTS: The OSA group had higher BMI (27.3 ± 4.3 vs 24.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2, p = 0.02) and larger ESM CSA (20.6 ± 5.8 vs 15.8 ± 5.1 cm2, p = 0.003), CSA/height2 (6.9 ± 1.8 vs 5.5 ± 1.4, p = 0.003), and CSA/BMI (0.75 ± 0.17 vs 0.63 ± 0.17, p = 0.018) compared to controls. Muscle density (35.3 ± 7.5 vs 41.6 ± 4.7 Hounsfield units, p = 0.001) and RDR (1.5 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001) were lower, while FIR was higher (9.6 ± 3.6% vs 3.5 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001) in the OSA group. A subgroup analysis including only patients with normal BMI yielded similar results. Metabolomics revealed 13 differentially expressed metabolites, with Anserine, Adipic acid, and Mestranol positively correlated with FIR.
CONCLUSION: OSA is associated with reduced muscle quality and increased fat infiltration in non-elderly hypertensive patients, and linked to metabolic abnormalities.