Self-certification in lay midwives' organizations: a vehicle for professional autonomy.

The recent resurgence of lay midwifery in the United States has been intimately connected with the establishment of grassroots organizations which address women's health issues and make the reappearance of the lay midwife a different kind of phenomenon than was the case earlier in this century. This paper describes the organizational structure of 32 lay midwives' organizations and compares them to a model of alternative women's health groups as well as more traditional health professional organizations. Are lay midwives' groups the beginnings of new professional organizations which eventually will become part of the dominant system or do they model themselves more closely after alternative women's health groups? Voluntary self-certification in five lay midwives' groups is described in detail as a means of determining how a group handles the question of integration with or separation from the existing medical care system. Certification plays a critical role in promoting acceptance and credibility of midwifery practice and is seen increasingly as a mechanism to preempt regulation by another body.