Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2014
Cortical sources of resting-state EEG rhythms in "experienced" HIV subjects under antiretroviral therapy.
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Babiloni Claudio, Buffo Paola, Vecchio Fabrizio, Onorati Paolo, Muratori Chiara, Ferracuti Stefano, Roma Paolo, Battuello Michele, Donato Nicole, Noce Giuseppe, Di Campli Francesco, Gianserra Laura, Teti Elisabetta, Aceti Antonio, Soricelli Andrea, Viscione Magdalena, Andreoni Massimo, Rossini Paolo M, Pennica Alfredo
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Treatment-naïve patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are characterized by diffuse abnormalities of resting-state cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms (Babiloni et al., 2012a). Here, we tested the hypothesis that these EEG rhythms vary as a function of the systemic immune activity and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV patients.
METHODS: Resting-state eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 68 ART-HIV patients (mini mental state evaluation (MMSE) of 27.5 ± 0.3 SEM), in 60 treatment-naïve HIV subjects (MMSE of 27.5 ± 0.4 SEM) and in 75 age-matched cognitively normal subjects (MMSE of 29.3 ± 0.1 SEM). Based on the CD4 lymphocytes' count, we divided ART-HIV subjects into two subgroups: those with CD4>500 cells/μl (ART-HIV+) and those with CD4<500 cells/μl (ART-HIV-). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-12 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). Cortical EEG sources were estimated by LORETA software.
RESULTS: Widespread theta, alpha, and beta sources were lower in ART-HIV subjects than in control subjects. Furthermore, occipital and temporal alpha 1 sources were lower in treatment-naïve HIV than in ART-HIV subjects. Moreover, the opposite was true for widespread pathological delta sources. Finally, parietal, occipital, and temporal alpha 1 sources were lower in ART-HIV- than in ART-HIV+ subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: In ART-HIV subjects, cortical sources of resting-state alpha rhythms are related to systemic immune activity and cART.
SIGNIFICANCE: This EEG procedure may produce biomarkers of treatment response in patients' brain compartments for longitudinal clinical studies.
METHODS: Resting-state eyes-closed EEG data were recorded in 68 ART-HIV patients (mini mental state evaluation (MMSE) of 27.5 ± 0.3 SEM), in 60 treatment-naïve HIV subjects (MMSE of 27.5 ± 0.4 SEM) and in 75 age-matched cognitively normal subjects (MMSE of 29.3 ± 0.1 SEM). Based on the CD4 lymphocytes' count, we divided ART-HIV subjects into two subgroups: those with CD4>500 cells/μl (ART-HIV+) and those with CD4<500 cells/μl (ART-HIV-). EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-12 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), and beta 2 (20-30 Hz). Cortical EEG sources were estimated by LORETA software.
RESULTS: Widespread theta, alpha, and beta sources were lower in ART-HIV subjects than in control subjects. Furthermore, occipital and temporal alpha 1 sources were lower in treatment-naïve HIV than in ART-HIV subjects. Moreover, the opposite was true for widespread pathological delta sources. Finally, parietal, occipital, and temporal alpha 1 sources were lower in ART-HIV- than in ART-HIV+ subjects.
CONCLUSIONS: In ART-HIV subjects, cortical sources of resting-state alpha rhythms are related to systemic immune activity and cART.
SIGNIFICANCE: This EEG procedure may produce biomarkers of treatment response in patients' brain compartments for longitudinal clinical studies.