Comparative Detection and Genetic Characterization of Feline Panleukopenia Virus in Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease affecting domestic and wild felines. Accurate diagnosis and understanding of circulating strains are essential for effective control.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid immunochromatographic (IC) antigen test compared to PCR for FPV detection in clinically suspected pet cats in Bangladesh. It also aimed to investigate the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of circulating FPV strains.

METHODS

Faecal or rectal swab samples from suspected cats were tested using both IC strip tests and PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of the IC test were analysed using PCR as the reference. Partial sequencing of the VP2 gene was performed on four PCR-positive samples for phylogenetic and mutational analysis. Structural modelling of VP2 proteins was conducted to predict conformational changes.

RESULTS

The IC test detected FPV in 84% of cases, whereas PCR confirmed only 60%, indicating a 24% false-positive rate. PCR showed higher diagnostic reliability. FPV prevalence was 92% among unvaccinated cats. Phylogenetic analysis of VP2 sequences revealed close genetic similarity with Chinese and Portuguese strains, suggesting possible cross-border transmission. Mutations such as A756G, A896G, E299G and T236I were consistently observed. Structural modelling indicated minor conformational changes in VP2.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: PCR offers superior accuracy over IC testing for FPV diagnosis. Mutational changes may impact antigenicity and diagnostic performance. Improved diagnostic accuracy, molecular surveillance and updated vaccination strategies are essential to control FPV outbreaks in feline populations.