Energy and protein intakes of acute stroke patients.

BACKGROUND

Although protein-energy malnutrition has been cited as a frequent complication following stroke, there is very little data describing nutritional intake among hospitalized patients.

OBJECTIVE

To report: i) the level of protein and energy intake, ii) the adequacy of intake during the first 21 days of hospitalization and iii) to examine the differences in nutritional intake associated with diet type (regular texture, texture-modified and enteral feeding).

DESIGN

Prospective observational study of an inception cohort. The energy and protein intakes of well-nourished patients with recent onset of first time stroke were assessed at admission to hospital and at days 7, 11, 14 and 21. Adequacy of energy intake at each of these intervals was expressed as a percentage (actual intake/energy requirement assessed by indirect calorimetry x 100). Adequacy of protein intake was assessed in a similar manner, with 1 g/kg of actual or adjusted body weight used to estimate requirement. The nutritional intakes of patients receiving regular diets, dysphagia diets and enteral tube feedings were compared using one-way ANOVA.

RESULTS

The average energy intakes of the entire study group ranged from 19.4-22.3 Kcals/kg/day over five observation points, representing 80.3-90.9% of measured requirements; protein intake and ranged from 0.81-0.90 g/kg day yielding adequacy of intake of 81-90% of requirement. There were significant differences in energy intakes and/or adequacy of intake of patients receiving different diet types at days 11, 14 and 21 (p < 0.05) and differences in protein intake and/or adequacy of protein intake at all intervals except admission (p < 0.05). Patients receiving enteral tube feedings consumed more calories and protein compared to those patients on regular or dysphagia diets.

CONCLUSIONS

On average, newly diagnosed, well-nourished, hospitalized patients consumed 80-91% of their both their energy and protein requirements, in the early post stroke period.