Integrating clinical nutrition practice guidelines in chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a permanent, progressive loss of kidney function characterized by a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Early identification of CKD risk factors provides an opportunity to prevent or delay the progression of kidney disease and decrease morbidity and mortality. There is increasing evidence to suggest that the adverse outcomes of CKD can be delayed or prevented by early detection and treatment. Current literature suggests that a low-protein, low-phosphorus diet may retard the progression of kidney disease. Other modifiable risk factors affecting CKD include proteinuria, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, bone disease, anemia, and obesity. This discussion will review the current clinical nutrition guidelines for managing adult patients with CKD.