Journal of vector borne diseases · 2025
Investigating the potential sibling species status of Anopheles fluviatilis in Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India.
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Singh Kuldeep, Kumari Rubal, Yadav Urvashi, Lata Suman, Bai Priyanka, Ranjha Ritesh, Totiger Supriyalaxmi, Mishra Neelima, Anvikar Anup R, Singh Himmat
Аннотация
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: India has made significant progress in combating malaria and reducing malaria-related mortality and morbidity. Yet, local transmission and malaria hotspots are important hurdles as India looks to achieve malaria elimination by 2030. Gadchiroli district is a highly malaria-endemic area in Maharashtra state of India. It accounts for more than 50% of the reported malaria cases in the state. Anopheles culicifacies and An. fluviatilis are the primary malaria vectors in the area. However, the status of vector sibling species is unknown in the district. In this study, we aimed to identify the sibling species of An. fluviatilis present in the district.
METHODS: An. fluviatilis were collected from the human dwelling of the Dhanora block of the Gadchiroli district. The anopheline mosquitoes were identified morphologically and dissected for detachment of the head and thorax. Sibling species, Incrimination investigations, and analyses of blood meal sources were conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: Two sibling species of An. fluviatilis S and U were present in the study area. Sibling species S was more prevalent than sibling species U. An. fluviatilis S was found to ingest human blood meal. An. fluviatilis U was feeding on cattle. Nevertheless, none of the samples were found positive for sporozoites or oocysts.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: The propensity for malaria transmission varies across sibling species of An. fluviatilis. An. fluviatilis sibling-species S is more prevalent in the Gadchiroli district than sibling species U. The sibling species S was reported to play a major role in malaria transmission in central India. An. fluviatilis S feeds on humans and sibling species U was found to be more zoophilic. The resting behaviour of both these species was in human dwellings and it can enhance interaction with sprayed walls. Consequently, to achieve malaria elimination it is imperative to conduct a study of vector bionomics at the sibling species level to designate the most suitable vector control tools.
METHODS: An. fluviatilis were collected from the human dwelling of the Dhanora block of the Gadchiroli district. The anopheline mosquitoes were identified morphologically and dissected for detachment of the head and thorax. Sibling species, Incrimination investigations, and analyses of blood meal sources were conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS: Two sibling species of An. fluviatilis S and U were present in the study area. Sibling species S was more prevalent than sibling species U. An. fluviatilis S was found to ingest human blood meal. An. fluviatilis U was feeding on cattle. Nevertheless, none of the samples were found positive for sporozoites or oocysts.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: The propensity for malaria transmission varies across sibling species of An. fluviatilis. An. fluviatilis sibling-species S is more prevalent in the Gadchiroli district than sibling species U. The sibling species S was reported to play a major role in malaria transmission in central India. An. fluviatilis S feeds on humans and sibling species U was found to be more zoophilic. The resting behaviour of both these species was in human dwellings and it can enhance interaction with sprayed walls. Consequently, to achieve malaria elimination it is imperative to conduct a study of vector bionomics at the sibling species level to designate the most suitable vector control tools.