Tolerance to azobenzenearsonate: idiotype-specific suppression, B cell dominance, and clonal elimination.

Twenty to 70% of the antibody molecules produced by individual A/J mice in response to azobenzenearsonate (ABA) bear a particular idiotype termed the major cross-reactive idiotype (CRI). Mice that were made tolerant to ABA by injection of ABA coupled to human gamma-globulin show a decrease in production of ABA-specific antibody and a preferential loss of the major CRI. In the experiments reported here, we have used adoptive cell transfers and splenic fragment culture assays to study the mechanism(s) involved in the tolerance to ABA, with emphasis on the preferential loss of the CRI. These studies show that the decrease in total anti-ABA after the induction of tolerance is the result of a decrease in the number of ABA-responsive B cells independent of CRI expression. The preferential loss of the CRI is due to idiotype-specific T cell suppression and/or B cell dominance. In addition, it is demonstrated that immunization in the presence of idiotype-specific suppression converts a normally immunogenic stimulus into a tolerogenic signal, resulting in a decrease in the absolute number of CRI+ B cell precursors.