Demonstration of mitral valve prolapse with CT for planning of mitral valve repair.

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), the most frequent cause of severe nonischemic mitral regurgitation, often warrants surgical or interventional valve repair. The severity of mitral regurgitation positively correlates with the development of heart failure and death. Even in patients who are asymptomatic, severe mitral regurgitation causes higher rates of death, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Repair procedures for mitral regurgitation have progressed to include leaflet repair, chordal transfer, ring or band annuloplasty, and new percutaneous procedures. In planning for mitral valve repair, detection and localization of mitral valve abnormalities are important. The causes of mitral regurgitation include degenerative mitral valve (eg, prolapsed leaflet, myxomatous degeneration, and Barlow disease [excessive degenerated tissues with elongated chordae]). Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is helpful for depicting mitral valve abnormalities. It allows complete visualization of cardiac anatomic features, including the coronary arteries, paravalvular structures, and cardiac wall motion. This review addresses the role of cardiac CT in depicting anatomic features of the mitral valve, provides a practical method for localizing the exact site of MVP, and discusses the CT findings of various causes of mitral regurgitation. The first step in reconstructing CT images for MVP is to select the best cardiac phase for depicting the anatomic features of the mitral valve. Additional views of the mitral valve then show the specific mitral valve abnormality. This article provides technical tips for demonstrating MVP with CT, as well as imaging results for various causes of MVP and intraoperative findings. Online supplemental material is available for this article.