Metabolic Syndrome Features and Excess Weight Were Inversely Associated with Nut Consumption after 1-Year Follow-Up in the PREDIMED-Plus Study.
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Julibert Alicia, Del Mar Bibiloni Maria, Gallardo-Alfaro Laura, Abbate Manuela, Martínez-González Miguel Á, Salas-Salvadó Jordi, Corella Dolores, Fitó Montse, Martínez J Alfredo, Alonso-Gómez Ángel M, Wärnberg Julia, Vioque Jesús, Romaguera Dora, Lopez-Miranda José, Estruch Ramon, Tinahones Francisco J, Lapetra José, Serra-Majem Lluís, Cano-Ibañez Naomi, Martín-Sánchez Vicente, Pintó Xavier, Gaforio José J, Matía-Martín Pilar, Vidal Josep, Vázquez Clotilde, Daimiel Lidia, Ros Emilio, Sayon-Orea Carmen, Becerra-Tomás Nerea, Gimenez-Alba Ignacio M, Castañer Olga, Abete Itziar, Tojal-Sierra Lucas, Pérez-López Jéssica, Notario-Barandiaran Leyre, Colom Antoni, Garcia-Rios Antonio, Castro-Barquero Sara, Bernal Rosa, Santos-Lozano José M, Fernández-Lázaro Cesar I, Hernández-Alonso Pablo, Saiz Carmen, Zomeño Maria D, Zulet Maria A, Belló-Mora Maria C, Basterra-Gortari Javier, Canudas Silvia, Goday Albert, Tur Josep A, PREDIMED-PLUS investigators
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess whether changes in nut consumption over a 1-y follow-up are associated with changes in features of MetS in a middle-aged and older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk.
METHODS: This prospective 1-y follow-up cohort study, conducted in the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial, included 5800 men and women (55-75 y old) with overweight/obesity [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥27 and <40] and MetS. Nut consumption (almonds, pistachios, walnuts, and other nuts) was assessed using data from a validated FFQ. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 1 y in features of MetS [waist circumference (WC), glycemia, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure] and excess weight (body weight and BMI) according to tertiles of change in nut consumption. Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary and lifestyle characteristics. A generalized linear model was used to compare 1-y changes in features of MetS, weight, dietary intakes, and lifestyle characteristics across tertiles of change in nut consumption.
RESULTS: As nut consumption increased, between each tertile there was a significant decrease in WC, TG, systolic blood pressure, weight, and BMI (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (only in women, P = 0.044). The interaction effect between time and group was significant for total energy intake (P < 0.001), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (P < 0.001), and nut consumption (P < 0.001). Across tertiles of increasing nut consumption there was a significant increase in extra virgin olive oil intake and adherence to the MedDiet; change in energy intake, on the other hand, was inversely related to consumption of nuts.
CONCLUSIONS: Features of MetS and excess weight were inversely associated with nut consumption after a 1-y follow-up in the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. This trial was registered at isrctn.com as ISRCTN89898870.