New developments in curative and refractive surgery for corneal and conjunctival disorders.

Ocular surface diseases especially after severe lye burns are an unresolved challenge. Autologous nasal mucosa transplantation, keratoepithelioplasty, and polytef alloplastic grafting are current tools in surgical management of the ocular surface diseases. "Merest sclera" surgery is an approach in surgical management of pterygium. Procedures for refractive corneal surgery, such as epikeratoplasty, radial keratotomy, and keratomileusis, are discussed. Anterior stromal puncture technique is a surgical treatment of recurrent corneal erosions. Curative corneal surgeries are keratoplasty alone or as combined procedure. Problems of graft-failure are discussed. The new technique of excimer-laser (193 nm) elliptical keratoplasty is described.