Intraoperative Complications During Benign Esophageal Surgery.

Benign esophageal disease encompasses structural, motility, and inflammatory disorders and is often managed with medical therapy unless complicated or refractory disease necessitates surgical intervention. This article outlines intraoperative complications in benign esophageal surgery and interventions, with a focus on bleeding and perforation management. Techniques for addressing procedure-specific challenges, including hiatal hernia repair and fundoplication, Heller myotomy, and endoscopic dilation, and peroral endoscopic myotomy are highlighted. Preoperative preparation and risk mitigation are emphasized as essential for reducing complications. The article also provides practical suggestions to optimize outcomes through preparedness and adaptability in more complex surgical scenarios.