Dysphagia following brain-stem stroke. Clinical correlates and outcome.

We studied 23 individuals (16 men, seven women; mean age 57 years) who had brainstem strokes confirmed by computed tomography of the head or magnetic resonance imaging. Videofluoroscopic modified barium-swallowing examination showed aspiration in 15 of 23 patients. Of the 15 aspirating patients, the majority had bilateral strokes with multiple lesion loci, most often in association with large-vessel disease. All 15 patients had involvement of the pons or medulla. Statistical analyses revealed a significant association between aspiration and pharyngeal residue observed under videofluoroscopy, cranial nerve IX abnormality, vocal fold weakness, and severe dysarthria. Despite initial severity, recovery was good. Following an aggressive program of aspiration prevention, over 80% of patients resumed full oral nutrition at the last follow-up.