Current opinion in hematology · 2024
Viral infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Ljungman Per
Аннотация
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Viral infections are important complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. New infections develop such as SARS-CoV-2 with the potential for severe consequences. In this review, newly published information regarding management of viral infections is discussed.
RECENT FINDINGS: Letermovir and maribavir are antiviral agents that have positively impacted the management of cytomegalovirus infections. These should today be included in treatment algorithms. The first antiviral cellular therapy for anti-CD20 refractory EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease is now licensed and available. Vaccination as well as introduction of antiviral agents, mAbs and possibly the development of different viral strains have reduced mortality in COVID-19 in this patient population. Well designed studies have shown the improved immunogenicity of high-dose influenza vaccines. There is still an unmet medical need for patients infected with human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza viruses.
SUMMARY: Although improvements in patient management for several important posttransplantation viral infections have been reported, an unmet medical need still exists for other viruses occurring in this high-risk population.
RECENT FINDINGS: Letermovir and maribavir are antiviral agents that have positively impacted the management of cytomegalovirus infections. These should today be included in treatment algorithms. The first antiviral cellular therapy for anti-CD20 refractory EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease is now licensed and available. Vaccination as well as introduction of antiviral agents, mAbs and possibly the development of different viral strains have reduced mortality in COVID-19 in this patient population. Well designed studies have shown the improved immunogenicity of high-dose influenza vaccines. There is still an unmet medical need for patients infected with human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza viruses.
SUMMARY: Although improvements in patient management for several important posttransplantation viral infections have been reported, an unmet medical need still exists for other viruses occurring in this high-risk population.